Contribución de los grupos de investigación a la formación doctoral del Programa en Ciencias de la Salud

Introducción: La inserción de los doctorandos en grupos de investigación favorece su formación y el trabajo en equipos interdisciplinares. Objetivo: Identificar la contribución de los grupos de investigación a la formación doctoral del Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo en el período 2018-2021. El grupo de estudio estuvo constituido por egresados, matriculados y tutores del Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud que imparte la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad, a partir de una guía de tres temas que abordaba la problemática investigada, y que fueron validadas por miembros del Comité Doctoral. Resultados: Los egresados reconocieron la contribución de la inserción en los equipos durante su formación e hicieron sugerencias relacionadas con el acompañamiento durante el proceso. En el caso de los que estaban en formación, sugirieron aspectos que favorecerían el acceso a orientaciones con la forma de presentación y redacción de la tesis. Los tutores expresaron su conformidad con la inclusión de sus tutelados en los grupos y sugirieron, entre otros aspectos, aumentar la divulgación de los talleres previos a la defensa. Conclusiones: En la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública (ENSAP) se ha logrado que los/as profesionales con grados científicos no trabajen aislados, sino que estén articulados a los grupos de investigación, con resultados favorables, lo que ha sido avalado por los/as egresados/as del programa, matriculados/as y tutores.

Introduction: The insertion of PhD aspirants into research groups favors their training and work in interdisciplinary teams. Objective: To identify the contribution of research groups to the doctoral training of the doctoral program in Health Sciences. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in the period 2018-2021. The study group consisted of graduates, enrolled participants and supervisors from the doctoral program in Health Sciences taught by the Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública. In-depth interviews were carried out upon the basis of a guide with three topics that addressed the investigated problem situation, validated by members of the Doctoral Board. Results: The graduates recognized the contribution of them being inserted into the teams during their training and made suggestions related to the accompaniment during the process. In the case of those in training, they suggested aspects that would favor access to guidance concerning how to present and write their dissertations. The supervisors expressed their agreement with the inclusion of their protégés into the groups and recommended, among other aspects, increasing the dissemination of the workshops prior to the defense. Conclusions: At the Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública, it has been achieved that professionals with scientific degrees do not work in isolation, but in an articulated manner together with research groups, with favorable results, which has been acknowledged by graduates, enrolled participants and supervisors from that program.

Technology and Care Load in Future Hospitals / La tecnología y la carga de cuidado en los hospitales del futuro / A tecnologia e a carga de cuidado nos hospitais do futuro

Recent technological progress is generating important disruptions, and healthcare is no stranger to them. Nursing is subject to technology change disruptions. It is important to reflect on the advantages and disadvantages technology brings with it and the changes it generates in care processes. If technology is only used to register information, it is perceived as a load that creates anxiety in the professionals. In this article, deep questions are made about the technology acceptance challenges in the nursing care processes, its implications on nursing responsibility, and the research opportunities for adopting new care humanized models result of technological development.

Recientes avances tecnológicos están generando disrupciones importantes y el cuidado de la salud no es ajena a estos cambios. La enfermería también está sujeta a disrupciones fruto del cambio tecnológico. Es importante reflexionar sobre las ventajas y desventajas que trae consigo la tecnología y los cambios que se generan en los procesos de cuidado. Si la tecnología se usa exclusivamente para el registro de información, esta se percibe como una carga que genera ansiedad en los profesionales. En este artículo se hacen cuestionamientos profundos sobre los retos de la aceptación de la tecnología en los procesos de cuidado en enfermería, las implicaciones que tiene la tecnología en la carga de cuidado en enfermería, y las oportunidades de investigación que surgen para adoptar nuevos modelos de cuidado humanizado fruto del desarrollo tecnológico.

Recentes avanços tecnológicos estão gerando disrupções importantes e o cuidado da saúde não é alheio a essas mudanças. A enfermagem também está sujeita a disrupções fruto da mudança tecnológica. É importante refletir nesse sentido sobre as vantagens e as desvantagens que trazem consigo a tecnologia e as mudanças que são geradas nos processos de cuidado. Se a tecnologia somente se usa de maneira exclusiva para registrar informações, percebe-se como uma carga que gera ansiedade nos profissionais. Neste artigo, são feitos questionamentos profundos sobre os desafios da aceitação da tecnologia nos processos de cuidado em enfermagem, as repercussões que têm na carga de cuidado em enfermagem e as oportunidades de pesquisa que surgem para adotar novos modelos de cuidado humanizado como fruto do desenvolvimento tecnológico.

Learning as a life proposal: Reflection from teaching in health sciences

The following reflection is the result of a microanalysis exercise in education carried out during the Masters in Higher Education Teaching of the Universidad El Bosque, which arose from the analytical and descriptive elaboration of categories, properties, and dimensions from the following questions: what is learning? What should a professor of medicine do for the student to learn in the clinical practice site?

La siguiente reflexión es producto de un ejercicio de microanálisis en educación llevado a cabo durante la maestría en Docencia de la Educación Superior en la Universidad El Bosque. Este texto surge de la elaboración analítica y descriptiva de categorías, propiedades y dimensiones ante las siguientes preguntas: ¿qué es el aprendizaje?, ¿qué debe hacer un profesor de medicina para que el estudiante aprenda en el espacio de práctica clínica?

Tecnologias educacionais sobre saúde mental na área da saúde: protocolo de scoping review / Education technologies for mental health in healthcare: scoping review protocol

OBJETIVO: Identificar e mapear as tecnologias educacionais sobre saúde mental utilizadas no ensino da saúde. MÉTODO: Será conduzida uma scoping review, seguindo o referencial do Joanna Briggs Institute, com o objetivo de responder à questão: "Quais são as tecnologias educacionais sobre saúde mental que têm sido utilizadas na área da saúde?". Para a identificação dos estudos, serão utilizadas bases de dados eletrônicas multidisciplinares em ciências da saúde, bem como repositórios de dissertações e teses. A identificação e o mapeamento da evidência disponível por meio deste estudo revelarão aspectos relevantes acerca das tecnologias educacionais existentes, seus impactos e desafios neste campo, o que é considerado relevante para subsidiar a melhoria da qualidade do ensino, seja na educação permanente, educação em saúde ou formação acadêmica. Espera-se que a scoping review contribua para a análise crítica das tecnologias educacionais sobre saúde mental na área da saúde, dada a potencialidade de impacto no desenvolvimento das competências educacionais.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and map educational technologies related to mental health in healthcare. METHOD: A scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines to answer the question: "What educational technologies related to mental health have been used in healthcare?". Multidisciplinary electronic databases in the health sciences and dissertation or thesis repositories will be used. The review aims to identify and map available evidence regarding educational technologies, their impact, and challenges in the field. This information is essential to improve teaching quality in continuing education, health education, or academic training. The scoping review is anticipated to contribute to a critical analysis of educational technologies focused on mental health in the health sector, given their potential impact on the development of educational competencies.

La aplicación de la neutrosofía en las ciencias médicas: una revisión bibliográfica narrativa / The Application of Neutrosophy in Medical Sciences: A Narrative Literature Review

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo principal examinar la aplicación de la neutrosofía en el campo de las ciencias médicas, a través de una revisión bibliográfica narrativa. Se ha determinado que la neutrosofía se relaciona con áreas como la imagenología, el análisis clínico y la toma de decisiones en el diagnóstico y la gestión de la salud. La implementación de la neutrosofía en la toma de decisiones puede disminuir la probabilidad de cometer errores, tanto en aspectos administrativos como en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de enfermedades. La presencia de herramientas neutrosóficas en la tecnología médica resulta fundamental para superar dificultades y mejorar la eficiencia en la atención médica. La integración de sistemas de diagnóstico asistido por ordenador, información clínica y administrativa puede potenciar los flujos de trabajo, optimizando así la prestación de servicios médicos. La neutrosofía, al reducir la incertidumbre en la práctica médica, ofrece la posibilidad de revolucionar la forma en que se brinda atención médica. Su aplicación conlleva el potencial de transformar los procesos y mejorar la calidad de la atención, lo que implica un avance significativo en el campo de la medicina(AU)

The main objective of this study is to examine the application of neutrosophy in the field of medical sciences through a narrative literature review. It has been determined that neutrosophy is related to areas such as imaging, clinical analysis, and decision-making in diagnosis and health management. Implementing neutrosophy in decision-making can reduce the likelihood of errors, both in administrative aspects and in diagnosing and treating diseases. The presence of neutrosophic tools in medical technology is essential to overcome challenges and improve efficiency in healthcare. Integrating computer-assisted diagnosis systems, clinical and administrative information can enhance workflow, thereby optimizing the provision of medical services. By reducing uncertainty in medical practice, Neutrosophy offers the possibility to revolutionize the way healthcare is delivered. Its application has the potential to transform processes and improve the quality of care, representing a significant advancement in medicine(AU)

Resilience of undergraduate health sciences students during COVID-19: An integrative review

Background: COVID-19 pandemic placed pressure on global health systems, healthcare providers and undergraduate students in health sciences. Students experienced change in the teaching and learning as well as the clinical context resulting in increased stress levels. Resilience assisted students to adapt and develop competencies and effective coping mechanisms. Aim: The purpose of this integrative review is to identify resilience of undergraduate students in health sciences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Setting: Online platforms. Methods: An integrative review was conducted with keywords: resilience, undergraduate students, health sciences and COVID-19. Three different searches were conducted for the time frame 2020­2022 on the relevant electronic data bases with full text articles. A total of 1665 records were identified and 49 potentially relevant articles were identified. Screening resulted in 34 articles that were analysed using the John Hopkins critical appraisal criteria. Results: Four themes were identified: attributes of students' resilience, aspects enhancing the development of resilience, aspects hindering the development of resilience and recommendations to cultivate resilience. Conclusion: Resilience is key to withstand the challenges in the global health system. The development of resilience in undergraduate health sciences students should be prioritised to ensure cognitive adaptability, effective coping skills and sufficient support. Contribution: These findings can assist higher educational institutions to improve their undergraduate health science programs to cultivate resilient health care professionals.

Supporting undergraduate research capacity development: A process evaluation of an Undergraduate Research Office at a South African Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences

Background. University-based research capacity development (RCD) mechanisms tend to focus on staff and postgraduate students, with few structures targeted at undergraduate students. Support for undergraduate research must be tailored to the unique requirements of research at this level, while maintaining links with relevant structures in both the RCD and teaching and learning domains. Objective. To conduct a process evaluation of the Undergraduate Research Office (URO) in the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences at Stellenbosch University, South Africa, using RCD and characteristics of excellence in undergraduate research criteria as benchmarks. Methods. A process evaluation of URO's first 6 years was conducted using a logic model of URO's inputs, activities, and outputs. Through a retrospective document review, a descriptive analysis of URO's inputs and activities (narrative) and URO's outputs (statistical) was conducted. Results. Following a description of inputs and activities, results present URO's outputs as a measure of the uptake of these activities. From 2015 to 2020, 259 undergraduate research projects were completed. Research consultations, workshops and undergraduate presentations at the faculty's Annual Academic Day have more than doubled since URO's inception. The Undergraduate Research Ethics Committee has reviewed 243 ethics applications since 2015, with a 1 - 2-week turnaround time. A total of 134 funding applications worth ZAR705 986 have been awarded for research project, conference presentation and publication costs. Conclusion. Results show the potential impact of a formal undergraduate research support entity on the undergraduate research outputs of a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. This article highlights elements for success for formal undergraduate research support, and identifies gaps going forward.

COVID-19 e a adaptação ao ensino remoto emergencial: revisão de escopo / COVID-19 and the adaptation to emergency remote teaching: a scoping review

Objetivo: Mapear o conhecimento sobre os principais desafios e as possíveis oportunidades advindas do ensino remoto emergencial durante a pandemia da COVID-19 sob a perspectiva de docentes e discentes dos cursos de ensino superior das áreas de Ciências da Saúde. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo pautada nas reco-mendações do The Joanna Briggs Institute. Foram realizadas buscas em duas bases de dados a fim de identificar estudos primários publicados em português, inglês e espanhol, entre os anos de 2020 e 2021, das quais foram identificadas 15 publicações que abordavam o ensino remoto emergencial em cursos de ensino superior da área de saúde. Resultados: Das publicações analisadas, 73,3% eram estudos transversais. Sete dos estudos tiveram os discentes como grupo de estudo, quatro abordaram a perspectiva docente, e três trouxeram a percepção conjunta de discentes e docentes. Os principais desafios identificados foram: o cumprimento das atividades de prática clínica, o distanciamento e menor interação entre pares, aumento da carga de trabalho, dificuldade/disparidade no acesso à internet e problemas técnicos, presença de distratores dificultando foco e motivação, dificuldade de manter aten-ção nesta modalidade de ensino, qualidade do ensino, baixa adesão dos discentes, insatisfação com as atividades em grupo e dificuldades em relação ao uso do dispositivo. Como oportunidades, a flexibilidade das aulas, o uso de tecnologias interativas, economia de tempo, melhoria de interação entre os discentes e docentes, possibilidades de cooperação vencidas pela barreira física. Conclusão: Do ponto de vista de discentes e docentes, existiram inúme-ros desafios sociais, tecnológicos (acesso e conhecimento) e pedagógicos. No entanto, este contexto também trou-xe novas oportunidades, que devem ser refletidas e analisadas pela comunidade acadêmica como pontos positivos, e incorporadas estrategicamente a fim de transformar o sistema educacional. (AU)

Objective: To map the knowledge of the main challenges and possible opportunities in emergency remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of higher education health science professors and students. Method: This scoping review was based on the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The search was conducted in two databases to identify primary studies published in Portuguese, English, or Spanish in 2020 and 2021; 15 publications that approached emergency remote teaching in higher education programs in the field of health were identified. Results: Of the analyzed publications, 73.3% were cross-sectional studies. Seven studies comprised students in the study group; four addressed professors' perspectives; and three analyzed both students' and professors' perceptions. The following main challenges were identified: carrying out practical clinical activities, peer distancing and less interaction, increased workload, Internet access difficulties/disparities and technical problems, presence of distractors hindering focus and motivation, attention difficulties in this teaching modality, quality of teaching, low student adherence, dissatisfaction with group activities, and difficulties using devices. The opportunities included class flexibility, interactive technology use, time saving, improved student-professor interaction, cooperation possibilities otherwise impossible due to physical barriers. Conclusion: From the students' and professors' standpoint, there were countless social, technological (access and knowledge), and pedagogical challenges. On the other hand, this context also provided new opportunities, which the academic community must consider and analyze as positive aspects incorporated strategically to transform the educational system. (AU)

Educação Interprofissional no Brasil: formação e pesquisa / Interprofessional Education in Brazil: training and research

Esta coletânea é uma obra de muitas mãos e muitas referências! Seus 22 capítulos, foram organizados em 3 partes, a saber: Aproximações Conceituais; Educação Interprofissional em Saúde como estratégia de formação e prática; e Avaliação em Educação Interprofissional em saúde. Com a obra, busca-se retratar parte das experiências e das pesquisas produzidas no Instituto Saúde e Sociedade do Campus Baixada Santista da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp/BS), no Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Educação Interprofissional em Saúde (GPEIS), nos Programas de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde (níveis Mestrado e Doutorado) e no de Ensino em Ciências da Saúde (nível Mestrado Profissional). Através da obra expressamos o compromisso com a qualidade da formação profissional e com o sistema de saúde público e universal, assim como esperamos estar colaborando com o avanço do conhecimento sobre a formação interprofissional no país.

Articulación de maestrías y especialidades con el doctorado en la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública / A proposal for the articulation of specialties and master's with doctoral programs in the National School of Public Health

Introducción: La formación doctoral recaba relaciones internas entre los escenarios científicos y académicos. Objetivo: Exponer la propuesta de articulación de las maestrías y especialidades con el proceso de formación doctoral en la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo fenomenológico, en el que participaron doctores de la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública con implicación en la formación doctoral de otras formas académicas y graduados. Se realizó un grupo de discusión mediante un foro virtual, donde se discutió la necesidad de contar con un plan de acción para la articulación, así como su conformación definitiva. Resultados: Las voces apoyaron la necesidad de contar con dicha articulación y emitieron criterios que permitieron el perfeccionamiento de la propuesta sometida a debate. Conclusiones: La articulación especialidad-maestría-doctorado de la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública garantiza el involucramiento de los actores implicados en su ejecución y permite avizorar los logros que se propone en cuanto al fortalecimiento de la formación doctoral de la institución, desde sus propias formas académicas. Deberá favorecer el tránsito rápido y exitoso de un mayor número de profesionales hacia la formación doctoral en ciencias de la salud. Sus presupuestos, propósitos, acciones y responsables responden a las circunstancias en que esta propuesta surge y a las necesidades actuales, lo cual no limita su perfeccionamiento continuo y necesario(AU)

Introduction: Doctoral training comprises internal relationships between scientific and academic scenarios. Objective: To show a proposal for articulating the master's program and specialties with the doctoral training process of the National School of Public Health. Methods: A qualitative and phenomenological study was carried out, with the participation of doctors from the National School of Public Health involved in the doctoral training of other academic modalities and graduates. A discussion group was held through a virtual forum, where the need for an articulation action plan was discussed, as well as its definitive creation. Results: The speaking participants supported the need to have such articulation and issued criteria that allowed the improvement of the proposal submitted for discussion. Conclusions: The specialty-master's program-doctorate program articulation of the National School of Public Health guarantees that actors be involved in its implementation and makes it possible to foresee the proposed achievements in terms of strengthening the institution's doctoral training, based on its own academic modalities. It should favor the rapid and successful transition of a greater number of professionals towards doctoral training in health sciences. Its foundations, purposes, actions and responsible actors respond to the circumstances in which this proposal arises, as well as to the current needs, which does not limit its continuous and necessary improvement(AU)

Gestión editorial de estudiantes de medicina en revistas científicas sobre ciencias de la salud / Editorial management by medical students in scientific journals about health sciences

Introducción: Para su desarrollo investigativo, los estudiantes de pregrado cuentan con órganos de difusión propios: las revistas científicas estudiantiles. Los actores de sus equipos editoriales son, en su mayoría, alumnos con gran prestigio investigativo. Objetivo: Caracterizar el desempeño de los estudiantes de medicina en la gestión editorial de revistas científicas sobre ciencias de la salud. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo de corte transversal. El universo quedó conformado por 39 estudiantes; no se aplicó técnica de muestreo. Se analizaron las variables: edad, sexo, año académico, carrera, centro de formación superior, revistas en ciencias de la salud, función que desempeña dentro del equipo editorial, y tipos de artículos que maneja según función y preferencia. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva, con una significación de p < 0,05. Resultados: Predominaron el sexo masculino, las personas con 21 y 22 años, y el cuarto año y la carrera de medicina. La Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos contó con 12 estudiantes. Se destacó la revista EsTuSalud; además, la función de revisor. Prevalecieron los artículos de revisión según función; y, de preferencia, los originales. Conclusiones: Se cuenta con representación de los diferentes años académicos, pertenecientes o no a la sede de la revista. Esta cualidad ha permitido hacer frente al creciente volumen de información y, a la vez, asumir diferentes funciones dentro de la gestión editorial(AU)

Introduction: For their research development, undergraduate students have their own dissemination bodies: student scientific journals. Most of the members of their editorial teams are students with great research prestige. Objective: To characterize the performance of medical students in the editorial management of scientific journals on health sciences. Methods: An observational, descriptive and retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out. The study universe consisted of 39 students; no sampling technique was applied. The following variables were analyzed: age, sex, academic year, major, higher education center, health sciences journals, role played within the editorial team, and types of articles handled according to role and preference. Descriptive statistics were used, with a significance of P < 0.05. Results: The male sex, people aged 21 and 22 years old, as well as the fourth academic year and the medicine major, were predominant. The University of Medical Sciences of Cienfuegos had twelve students. The journal EsTuSalud was remarkable, together with the role of reviewer. According to function and preference, there was a prevalence of review and original articles, respectively. Conclusions: There is representation from different academic years, belonging or not to the journal's headquarters. This quality has permitted to cope with the growing volume of information and, at the same time, to assume different functions as part of the editorial management process(AU)

La enseñanza de la bioética para el fortalecimiento de la práctica biomédica y la investigación en las escuelas de ciencias de la salud / The Teaching of Bioethics for the Strengthening of Biomedical Practice and Research in Healthcare Sciences Schools / O ensino da bioética para o fortalecimento da prática biomédica e de pesquisa nas escolas de ciências da saúde

Introducción. La UNESCO define la bioética como el estudio sistemático, pluralista e interdisciplinario, para resolver los problemas éticos planteados por la medicina, las ciencias sociales y de la vida, comprendiendo lo relativo a los adelantos científicos aplicados a seres humanos y su relación con la biósfera. La UNESCO, asistida por un comité internacional de expertos, presentó en el 2016 el plan de estudios básico de bioética "The Bioethics Core Curriculum", orientado a fortalecer su enseñanza en ambientes universitarios. El objetivoprincipal de este manuscrito fue identificar los referentes conceptuales y los esfuerzos multilaterales para la inclusión de la bioética en los currículos, señalando su pertinencia para el mejoramiento continuo, el fortalecimiento de la enseñanza y la investigación en las ciencias biomédicas. Temas de reflexión. Referentes conceptuales vigentes, esfuerzos multilaterales en la enseñanza de la bioética, política nacional de ética de la investigación, bioética e integridad científica. Conclusiones. La bioética, como ciencia de la supervivencia, es un pilar fundamental para la práctica de las ciencias biomédicas. Es evidente la necesidad de formar y preparar de manera adecuada a los futuros profesionales, líderes de opinión, académicos, investigadores, políticos y tomadores de decisiones en aspectos bioéticos, con el propósito de mejorar y fortalecer la formulación de referentes bioéticos en la práctica biomédica y la investigación en ciencias de la salud.

Introduction. UNESCO defines bioethics as the systematic, pluralist, and interdisciplinary study to resolve the ethical problems posed by medicine, social sciences, and life, understanding matters related to scientific progress applied to human beings and their relationship with the biosphere. In 2016, UNESCO, aided by an international committee of experts, presented "The Bioethics Core Curriculum", aimed at strengthening its teaching in universities environment. The main objective of this manuscript was to identify the conceptual references and multilateral efforts for the inclusion of bioethics in curricula, indicating their relevance for continuous improvement, strengthening of teaching, and research in biomedical sciences. Topics of reflection. Current conceptual references, multilateral efforts in bioethics teaching, national research ethics, bioethics, and scientific integrity policy. Conclusions. Bioethics, as a survival science, is a fundamental pillar for the practice of biomedical sciences. The need to educate and adequately prepare future professionals, opinion leaders, academics, researchers, politicians, and decision makers in aspects of bioethics is obvious, in order to improve and strengthen the formulation of bioethical references in biomedical practice and research in healthcare sciences

Introdução. A UNESCO define bioética como o estudo sistemático, pluralista e interdisciplinar para resolver os problemas éticos colocados pela medicina, ciências sociais e da vida, incluindo questões relacionadas aos avanços científicos aplicados ao ser humano e sua relação com a biosfera. A UNESCO, auxiliada por um comitê internacional de especialistas, apresentou em 2016 o currículo básico de bioética "The Bioethics Core Curriculum", visando fortalecer seu ensino em ambientes universitários. O objetivo principal deste manuscrito foi identificar as referências conceituais e os esforços multilaterais para a inclusão da bioética nos currículos, apontando sua relevância para a melhoria contínua, fortalecimento do ensino e da pesquisa em ciências biomédicas. Tópicos de reflexão. Referências conceituais atuais, esforços multilaterais no ensino de bioética, política nacional de ética em pesquisa, bioética e integridade científica. Conclusões. A bioética, como ciência da sobrevivência, é um pilar fundamental para a prática das ciências biomédicas. Fica evidente a necessidade de formar e preparar adequadamente futuros profissionais, formadores de opinião, acadêmicos, pesquisadores, políticos e tomadores de decisão em aspectos bioéticos, com o objetivo de melhorar e fortalecer a formulação de referências bioéticas na prática biomédica e na pesquisa em ciências da saúde.

Produção científica brasileira sobre a covid-19 na Scopus (2019-2021): uma análise bibliométrica na área das ciências da saúde / Brazilian scientific production about covid-19 in Scopus (2019-2021): a bibliometric analysis in the health sciences field / Producción científica brasileña sobre covid-19 en Scopus (2019-2021): un análisis bibliométrico en el área de ciencias de la salud

A partir do uso da bibliometria como estratégia de mensuração de índices de pesquisa e produtividade, o estudo aqui apresentado analisou a produção científica brasileira sobre covid-19 na Scopus (2019-2021) e as relações das publicações de acordo com a perspectiva bourdieusiana. O referencial teórico incluiu buscar e revisitar os conceitos de Pierre Bourdieu de habitus, campo científico e capital simbólico e os de outros autores que dialogam com a perspectiva bourdieusiana. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualiquanti, exploratória, que buscou fontes de informações e documentos para responder aos questionamentos dos pesquisadores. Os resultados da investigação suscitaram importantes diagnósticos observacionais, dentre os quais o fato de 90% das universidades com maior número de publicações sobre a temática relativa à covid-19 na Scopus no período analisado serem públicas. Avalia-se que, mesmo com o corte de recursos e o enfraquecimento das instituições de pesquisa nacional, a área das ciências da saúde apresenta um crescimento significativo de estudos, realizando pesquisas de amplo interesse na atualidade.

Using bibliometrics as a strategy to measure research and productivity indexes, the study presented in this article analyzed the Brazilian scientific production about covid-19 in Scopus (2019-2021) and the relationships of those publications from the Bourdieusian perspective. The theoretical framework consisted in seeking and reviewing Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of habitus, scientific field and symbolic capital and concepts used by other authors who dialogue with the Bourdieusian perspective. It is a quali-quantitative exploratory research which sought sources of information and documents to answer the researchers' questions. The results of the investigation led to important observational discoveries, among others that 90% of the universities with the highest number of publications about covid-19 found in Scopus concerning the analyzed period by us are public universities. It is estimated that even with the cuts in government resources and the weakening of national research institutions, the area of health sciences has shown significant growth in studies, carrying out researches which have a great importance today.

Utilizando la bibliometría como estrategia para medir índices de investigación y productividad, el estudio presentado aquí analizó la producción científica brasileña sobre covid-19 en Scopus (2019-2021) y las relaciones de las publicaciones de acuerdo con la perspectiva bourdieusiana. El marco teórico ha consistido en buscar y revisar los conceptos de habitus, campo científico y capital simbólico de Pierre Bourdieu y las concepciones de otros autores que dialogan con la perspectiva bourdieusiana. Se trata de una investigación exploratoria, cuantitativa y cualitativa, que buscó fuentes de informaciones y documentos para responder a las preguntas de los investigadores. Los resultados de la investigación condujeron a importantes descubiertas observacionales, entre ellas el hecho de que 90% de las universidades con mayor número de publicaciones sobre el tema de la covid-19 en Scopus en el período analizado por nosostros son públicas. Se estima que aunque haya habido reducción de recursos por el Gobierno y debilitamiento de las instituciones nacionales de investigación, el área de ciencias de la salud ha mostrado un crecimiento significativo de estudios, desarrollando investigaciones de mucho interés en la actualidad.

Tributo al Dr. Rafael Pérez Cristiá. Ex-Director General de la Agencia Reguladora de Medicamentos, Equipos y Dispositivos Médicos de Cuba (CECMED) / Tribute to Dr. Rafael Pérez Cristiá. Past Head and Director General of the Cuban Regulatory Agency for medicines and medical devices (CECMED)

Dr. Pérez Cristiá was the Head and Director General of Cuba's Center for State Control of Medicines and Medical Devices (CECMED) from 2000 until his passing in June, 2020. Professional background Dr. Pérez Cristiá was a research pharmacologist and toxicologist by training, obtaining academic merit recognition by the Cuban Academy of Sciences. He held several positions as researcher and professor at the University of Medicine in Havana, Cuba and at the National University of Carabobo in Valencia, Venezuela. He also held various scientific appointments as President of the Cuban National Society of Toxicology, as honorary founding member of the National Toxicology Commission of Ecuador, permanent member of the General Council of Scientific Degrees in Health Sciences at the National Commission of Scientific Degrees, Ministry of Higher Education, Cuba. Dr. Pérez Cristiá was also appointed member of the MEDICC's Joint Academic Council. Apart from being a prominent scientist in his native Cuba, Dr. Pérez Cristiá became a referent in public health systems and policy both in Cuba and across the LATAM region. The following quote by Dr. C. William Keck, MEDICC's Executive Director summarizes Dr. Pérez Cristiá' s unanimous contribution to Cuba's public healthcare system: "Dr. Pérez Cristiá was an important leader as Cuba, a small and resource-scarce country, became a global biotech powerhouse and biotechnology evolved as a key component of Cuba's public health system that provides universal health care for its citizens. Safe and effective medicines and technologies to all, especially the most vulnerable, is one of the country's more important public health strategies, in which, Dr. Pérez Cristiá was a key decision maker" 1 As a visionary and leader in regulatory systems and policy in Cuba, during his 21 years as Head and Director General of the CECMED, Dr. Pérez Cristiá implemented the culture and knowledge of regulatory sciences as a key component of the institution's core values and mission. Since, regulatory sciences, have become strategic tools to support the dialogue between the Cuban health agency regulators and the key Cuban stakeholders from the biotechnology industry, research and development institutions, public health advocates, among other relevant players impacting healthcare in Cuba.2 Dr. Pérez-Cristiá was a charismatic individual and great communicator. One of his personal dreams and professional desire was to keep motivating the regulatory professional and experts from Cuba and the Latin America so as to be fully engaged and inspired. Dr. Pérez Cristiá aimed for every regulatory professional to comprehend and internalize the goals and values of regulatory sciences. To this effect, Dr. Pérez Cristiá was constantly fostering collaborations within his team, as well as developing strategic regulatory networks at the regional Latin American level and globally. His professional vision was always linked the present and the future, respecting everyone's knowledge and opinions. CECMED's key milestones and accomplishments Under Dr. Pérez's leadership, the CECMED gained recognition from the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) as one of the leading National Reference Authorities (NRA's) in the Latin American region for Medicines and Biologics. The PAHO classification system, granted CECMED the Level 4 in 2010 (highest classification).3 Below, is a list of other key regulatory milestones: The CECMED served as General Coordinator of the PAHO Regional National Regulatory Authorities (NRA's) for two consecutive mandates (2014 - 2016). The CECMED served as General Coordinator of the National Center for the Regulation of Medicines of the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Americas (ALBAMED) (2009 - 2010). CECMED became a WHO National Regulatory Reference Center for Vaccines (2000). CECMED became Observer of the International Council Harmonization (ICH) (2016). CECMED became Associate Member of the International Coalition of Medicines Regulatory Authorities (ICMRA) (2021). In addition to the above accomplishments, throughout the past three decades, the CECMED's Quality Management System was also certified in several occasions by the Spanish Association for Standardization and Certification (AENOR) and the National Office of Standardization, becoming an IQnet member for the past 10 years.3 Furthermore, in September 2004 the CECMED became a member of the Developing Nations Vaccine Regulators' Network (DCVRN). The CECMED was able to become a network member as the Agency fulfilled the critical regulatory functions required by WHO, also meeting the criteria of having at least one prequalified vaccine manufacturer for supply via a United Nations agency. Apart from the above, the CECMED has gained recognition from all of the LATAM regional Regulatory Authorities and global Regulatory Agencies, such as Health Canada, US-FDA, The National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) of China, The Russian Regulatory Agency, Swiss Medic, the Paul Ehrlich Institute, among other. The CECMED's Office of Innovation A paramount contribution by Dr. Pérez Cristiá to public health and access to biopharmaceutical innovation in Cuba, (prospectively across the LATAM region) has been the creation of the CECMED's Office of Innovation in October, 2019. First of its kind in the Latin American region, the CECMED's Office of Innovation was built on a comprehensive regulatory framework with the aim to accelerate innovation enabling successful transition of novel products from research and development to clinical research, granting patients' early access to innovative medicines.4 This initiative has been propelled by the speed and complexity of new discoveries challenging both capacities and creative thinking of the Cuban regulatory authority, coupled with the change from a rigid, one-size fits all regulatory system to a more adaptive and flexible model (without compromising rigor) becoming an alternative, valuable and innovative regulatory tool. LATAM Endowed Chair in Regulatory Sciences Another key contribution linked to Dr. Pérez Cristiá's vision as a regulatory leader in the LATAM region has been the creation of a specialized training program in Regulatory Sciences for the regional Regulatory professional's community. Dr. Pérez Cristiá envisioned the creation of an Endowed Chair collaborating with renowned academic institutions in Cuba and across the Latin American region. Basically, the development of a professional training program to convey advanced training and expertise in drug regulation across the LATAM region, granting access to an international, multidisciplinary academic curriculum aimed at improving professional regulatory skills, teaching regulatory sciences as an imbedded culture based on an undergraduate and graduate curriculum. Furthermore, the Endowed Chair would allow access to expand the scope of regulatory research through publications, promoting joint academic initiatives as well as providing opportunities to collaborate with other institutions and regulatory agencies (both regional and global). Acknowledgements The authors of this tribute, are honored to have shared the contributions and legacy of Dr. Perez-Cristiá, Head and Director of the Cuban Regulatory Authority (CECMED) during his 20 years of tenure. Dr. Perez Cristia's commitment, professional legacy and teachings will permanently prevail, as he was unanimously regarded as a regulatory referent in public health in Cuba, across the Latin American region and globally.

Evaluación de la producción científica estudiantil en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana / Assessment of the students' scientific production at University of Medical Sciences of Havana

Introducción: La investigación científica es uno de los pilares que sostienen la formación académica superior en las ciencias de la salud. Objetivo: Evaluar la producción científica de los estudiantes de pregrado en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana. Se contó con un universo de 393 individuos, estudiado en su totalidad mediante una encuesta. Se determinaron frecuencias absolutas, porcentaje, χ2 de Pearson y V de Cramer. Resultados: En cuanto al año académico, la evidencia estadística apuntó hacia una asociación débil mediante las variables: pertenencia al Movimiento de Alumnos Ayudantes Frank País (p = 0,01; V = 0,192) y publicación en revistas científicas (p = 0,0009; V = 0,23); así como una asociación moderada a través de la participación en eventos científicos (p = 0,001; V = 0,461). La Jornada Científica Estudiantil constituyó el evento de mayor participación (77 por ciento), fundamentalmente a nivel de facultad (77 por ciento). El grupo al que pertenecían las revistas en que más frecuentemente publicaron los estudiantes de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana fue el IV (6 por ciento); el promedio de publicaciones resultó de 2,6. El aumento del conocimiento científico representó la principal motivación referida (65,1 por ciento); y la fundamental limitante planteada, falta de equipos necesarios (48,1 por ciento). La potenciación del estudio curricular y extracurricular de la metodología de la investigación se evidenció como la sugerencia más frecuente. Conclusiones: Aún existe y prolifera entre los estudiantes de pregrado de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana una productividad científica insuficiente(AU)

Introduction: Scientific research is one of the cornerstones that support higher academic training in health sciences. Objective: To assess the scientific production of undergraduate students at the University of Medical Sciences of Havana. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out at the University of Medical Sciences of Havana. The universe was 393 individuals, totally studied by means of a survey. Absolute frequencies, percentage, Pearson's χ2 and Cramér's V were determined. Results: With respect to academic year, the statistical evidence showed a weak association among the variables member of Frank País Student Teacher Movement (P=0.01; V=0.192) and publication in scientific journals (P=0.0009; V=0.23); as well as a moderate association through participation in scientific events (P= 0.001; V=0.461). The Students' Scientific Meeting was the event with the highest participation (77 percent), mainly at the school level (77 percent). Group IV journals were the most represented as those with the highest number of publications by students from the University of Medical Sciences of Havana, accounting for 6 percent; the average number of publications was 2.6. An increase in scientific knowledge was referred as the main motivation (65.1 percent); while they respondents mentioned the lack of necessary equipment (48.1 percent) as the main limitation. The enhancement of curricular and extracurricular study of research methodology was evidenced as the most frequent suggestion(AU)

Vitalidad científica de la formación doctoral en la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública de Cuba / Scientific Vitality of Doctoral Training at The National School of Public Health of Cuba

Introducción: La Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública ha contribuido durante 17 años a la formación de doctores en Ciencias de la Salud, tarea que ha desarrollado con rigor y calidad. Objetivo: Demostrar la vitalidad científica de la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública en la formación de doctores en Ciencias de la Salud. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo a partir de la información disponible en la base de datos de la Oficina de Doctorado de la escuela, de 2005 - 2019. Se aplicó una metodología cualitativa de tipo fenomenológico apoyada en la experiencia individual de los participantes. Se empleó un muestreo no probabilístico con la finalidad de ponderar la cualidad de la información. Resultados: Se formaron 125 doctores, egresaron ocho doctores por años, tanto profesionales cubanos, como extranjeros, en todos los periodos. El análisis territorial reflejó concentración en La Habana, hubo provincias que no habían formado doctores en la especialidad. Los entrevistados expresaron criterios favorables sobre la vitalidad científica de la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública. Conclusiones: La vitalidad científica en la formación de doctores en Ciencias de la Salud ha sido posible con la ejecución de la estrategia de formación de doctores llevada a cabo por el claustro de la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública, a través un programa doctoral que se sustenta en la política de captación de doctorandos cubanos y extranjeros y en el desarrollo de procesos formativos que han conducido a tesis doctorales con importantes aportes a la disciplina. No obstante, existe la necesidad de ser más proactivos en la búsqueda y preparación de doctorandos en algunas provincias del país(AU)

Introduction: The National School of Public Health has contributed for seventeen years to train doctors in Health Sciences specialty. This task has been rigorously conducted and with high standards of quality. Objective: To prove the scientific vitality of the National School of Public Health in training doctors in Health Sciences specialty. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out based on the information available in the database of the Doctorate Office of the school, from 2005 to 2019. A phenomenological-type qualitative methodology was applied, supported by the individual experience of the participants. A non-probabilistic sampling was used in order to weigh the quality of the information. Results: One hundred twenty-five doctors were trained; eight doctors graduated per year, both Cuban and foreign professionals, in all periods. The territorial analysis reflected concentration in Havana, there were provinces that had not trained doctors in this specialty. The interviewees expressed favorable criteria about the scientific vitality of the National School of Public Health. Conclusions: The scientific vitality in training of doctors in Health Sciences specialty has been possible with the implementation of the doctor training strategy, carried out by the faculty of the National School of Public Health, through a doctoral program that is based on in the policy of attracting Cuban and foreign doctoral students and in the development of training processes that have led to doctoral theses with important contributions to the discipline. However, being proactive is necessary in the search and preparation of doctoral students in some provinces of the country(AU)

El Enfoque Bayesiano en las Ciencias de la Salud / The Bayesian Approach in the Health Sciences

En estadística existen dos enfoques básicos, la estadística frecuentista que es la corriente principal y la estadística bayesiana. La mayoría de los principales métodos estadísticos son frecuentistas siendo el enfoque bayesiano más desconocido entre los investigadores. En el presente artículo se exponen los fundamentos lógicos del enfoque bayesiano y su uso mediante un ejemplo de aplicación. En este contexto, más que presentar un debate entre la lógica clásica y la bayesiana, se pretende mostrar de manera introductoria las enormes posibilidades que el enfoque bayesiano puede aportar a la investigación en las Ciencias de la Salud.

In the stadistic field there are two basic approaches, the Frequentist Statistics which is the primary one, and the Bayesian Statistics. The most used statistical methods are the Frequentist methods, being the Bayesian approach the most popular among researchers. In this article, the logical basis of the Bayendian approach and its use are exposed through an application example. In this context, rather than presenting a debate between the classic and the Bayensian logic, it is intended to demonstrate in an introductory method the considerable possibilities how Bayesian approach can contribute to Health and Sciences research.

La formación doctoral e investigación científica en el área de la enfermería en Ecuador / Doctoral training and scientific research in nursing in Ecuador

El objetivo del estudio que se presenta fue describir sintéticamente el estado de las capacidades y posibilidades de formación profesional, desarrollo científico y especialización en enfermería en Ecuador, comparándolo con el de otras naciones de la región. Se estableció un diagnóstico concreto que pueda constituir una base para la toma de medidas al respecto. Se realizó revisión reflexiva de fuentes confiables de información en bases científicas regionales y páginas Web de instituciones nacionales e internacionales reconocidas como reguladoras de los procesos del fenómeno investigado. El estado de la investigación y oferta académica doctoral en el área de la enfermería requiere de la generación de políticas y acciones en Ecuador, para potenciar los correspondientes indicadores que muestran mejores cifras en algunos de sus vecinos de la región sudamericana.

This study aimed to describe synthetically the state of the capacities and possibilities of profes-sional training, scientific development, and specialization in nursing in Ecuador, comparing it with other ones of other nations in the region. It was established a concrete diagnosis that can constitute a basis for taking measures in this regard. A reflexive review of reliable sources of information in regional scientific bases and web pages of national and international institutions recognized as regulators of the processes of the phenomenon under investigation was carried out. The state of research and doctorate academic offerings in the nursing area requires the gene-ration of policies and actions in Ecuador to enhance the corresponding indicators that show better figures in some of its neighbors in the South American region.

Enfermagem e a aplicação da lista de cirurgia segura: uma revisão integrativa / Nursing and the application of the safe surgery list: an integrative review / Enfermería y la aplicación de la lista de cirugía segura: una revisión integrativa

Objetivo: Analisar a produção científica sobre a aplicação da lista de verificação de cirurgia segura pela equipe de enfermagem. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura, com busca nas bases de dados: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) e Banco de Dados em Enfermagem (BDENF), com recorte temporal de 2010 a 2020. Resultados: Dos 61 artigos encontrados, a produção analisada nos seis artigos selecionados permitiu categorizar, conforme núcleos de sentido, os temas destacados pelas equipes de enfermagem em: "percepção dos profissionais de enfermagem", "potencialidades" e "fragilidades". Conclusão: Os estudos mostram que, na perspectiva da enfermagem, a compreensão da importância do protocolo para a prática assistencial está diretamente relacionada a sua aplicabilidade. No que tange às potencialidades e fragilidades, há um caminho a ser percorrido, haja vista a necessidade de superar as falhas e barreiras na cultura organizacional de gestores e profissionais da saúde.

Objective: To analyze the scientific production on the application of the safe surgery checklist by the nursing team. Method: Integrative literature review, with search in the databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (Lilacs), and Banco de Dados em Enfermagem (BDENF), with time frame from 2010 to 2020. Results: Of the 61 articles found, the production analyzed in the six selected articles allowed categorizing, according to meaning cores, the themes highlighted by the nursing teams in: "perception of nursing professionals", "potentialities", and "weaknesses". Conclusion: Studies show that, from a nursing perspective, understanding the importance of the protocol for care practice is directly related to its applicability. With regard to strengths and weaknesses, there is a way to go, given the need to overcome flaws and barriers in the organizational culture of managers and health professionals.

Objetivo: Analizar la producción científica sobre la aplicación de la lista de verificación de cirugía segura por parte del equipo de enfermería. Método: Revisión integrativa de la literatura, con búsqueda en las bases de datos: Medline, LILACS y BDENF, con un marco temporal de 2010 a 2020. Resultados: De los 61 artículos encontrados, la producción analizada en los seis artículos seleccionados permitió categorizar, según núcleos de significado, los temas destacados por los equipos de enfermería en: "percepción de los profesionales de enfermería", "Potencialidades" y Fragilidades. Conclusión: Los estudios indican que, desde la perspectiva de enfermería, la comprensión de la importancia del protocolo para la práctica del cuidado está directamente relacionada con su aplicabilidad. En cuanto a las fortalezas y debilidades, hay un camino por recorrer, dada la necesidad de superar fallas y barreras en la cultura organizacional de los gestores y profesionales de la salud.